Ngomatshi wama, siza kugxila ukutya baze basele
(Funda apha malunga sitenotice) Lamagqwetha okanye lawyer (yobudala engama-phinde kanjalo ngokuba isixeko) a lawyer, ngubani, kwi isiseko okhethekileyo ukuqeshwa ibonelela isemthethweni kokubonisana iinkonzo kwaye ingaba exclusive ilungelo ukuziphatha isemthethweni iingxoxo kuba abanyeIrhafu, elikhankanyiweyo asetyenziswa s, kwimeko ye-depreciation ye-isidanish Umthetho. Berlin derived ukususela latin fiscus. Isifrentshi: Fisc (fiscus) sele intsingiselo Trésor de l'etat, lolondolozo lwendyebo. I-Danish Irhafu waba, ngokunxulumene. Berlin inkqubo esemthethweni ubambe urhulumente unondyebo ke, ingeniso-ukukhulisa interesserdette emva koko weza ziquka 'ukumsukela yolwaphulo-mthetho ngokuchasene urhulumente imithetho', apho Berlin basondelelane ukuba amaxesha amaninzi strafudsoning ukwimo fines. Ngokukodwa enxulumene Fiskalens umsebenzi embedsforsømmelser. century yaziwa i uluvo ngakumbi subordinate Irhafu-bestallinger: 'Jikelele, Imfazwe, Amapolisa, Lake, Phantsi, Vejfiskal', ngeli lixa i-Berlin kanjalo mentions Eli - Elo-fiskaler. Ezi ofisi babekwilizwe Yi-Swedish bar association, phantsi auspices, kodwa waba kuphela elifutshane kwi-sebenzisa.
Namhlanje kusetyenziswa ilizwi njengoko i-iyasebenza, chaza iimeko ukuba basondelelane urhulumente ke yezimali.
Prokurør isifrentshi: merlin, kuchaziwe inundu u-Magama ukususela malunga unyaka. Ingcebiso kuba ukumkani okanye abasemagunyeni - oobhishophu, noblemen ye-olympics. Tybjerg ichaza igama njengoko madala. Kwi-absolute nobukumkani xesha isebenza Generalprokurøren kwi-chancellery, kodwa discontinued emva kokuba Athabathe Algreen-Ussings-ofisi. Isixeko kwi-latin procurator, saziwa ukusuka Ludvig Holberg ke ixesha dialectical Prikkerater, enye intsingiselo kwi-dialect, kwaye phakathi fishermen, klæpål, ukutsho oko. i-eel kunye enkulu intloko - kwaye, ngokulondolozayo, klæpål kanjalo zithetha isixeko. Isixeko yaba ixesha elide ixesha - s kwaye s - asetyenziswa kunye ne-a lawyer.
Emva Sagførerloven ka- isicelo eso kuphela ngomhla abaqondisi-mthetho owathi wafumana royal isihloko.
A lawyer ngu kwi-Latin ifomu (advocatus), i-endala igama ahluka-royal isidanish nemithetho nemiqathango ukusuka phakathi iminyaka kuba royal osayilwayo weofisi kanozikhalazo (government esemthethweni) okanye kwinto yonke igunya kuba ngakumbi imimandla yelizwe, kamva ngokuba stencils motor.
Ka-advocatus yenzekile ngexesha ka-unciphiso lwegama, nordic igama 'bailiff'.
Oko ngokukhawuleza wazuza elahlukileyo intsingiselo waza wasetyenziswa kwi inkqubo ephantsi-etrasti, apho supervises i-vassal ngasinye ezikufuphi kusetyenziswa. Baba kamva ukuba herredsfogeder. Emva kwexesha wafumana designation ka-lawyer yayo ngoku ukubaluleka. Ingakumbi kusetyenziswa Edenmark, igama elithi lawyer kwi ukumkani ke wonyulwa ingcebiso ngomhla Supreme inkundla.
Unako kanjalo inxaxheba kunyaka forårskonkurrence
Ukutsiba kwaye kwafuneka enze efakwa ebhankini kwi-enkekassen, kodwa akazange pensionable. Kuphela baba eligible ukuba ndibongoze iimeko kuba abanye ngomhla Supreme inkundla, kodwa, ukongeza, baye kanjalo yiya kwi-inkundla yi-subordinate iinkundla.
Ngokunxulumene umthetho.
wanga baba ayisasebenzi wonyulwa abaqondisi-mthetho yi-Supreme inkundla ngumthetho ukumkani, ngexesha elizayo abaqondisi-mthetho lizwe ke, inkundla ephezulu kutyunjwa ngumphathiswa of justice and ezikhokelela igama højesteretssagførere. Ngowe, igama elithi waba a lawyer, abolished ngenxa yoncedo ye-lawyer. Abo kokuba iwonga lawyer, landsretssagfører okanye imisebenzi, nangona kunjalo, ayikwazi ukuqhubeka ukusebenzisa zabo isihloko. Emva elililo nobukumkani ungeniswa ezikhethekileyo royal advokatembeder yi-Swedish bar association lapsed, ngexesha kammeradvokatens kuphela kuzaliswa yi-idinga.
Advocatus regius yaba yi-nommiselo we.
kweyokwindla uqeshiwe kuba 'west Ejlande' kunye umsebenzi ukwenza yonke imiba nkxalabo ukuba ukumkani ke kasses eyona umdla okanye royalty umdla. Esi-ofisi kwaba ngathi kammeradvokatens kuphela uxakekile ngumgaqo-siseko kwi-colony kulo nyaka uphelileyo. Edenmark, kuya kufuna umthetho iqondo baba a lawyer kwaye ubuncinane iminyaka emithathu umsebenzi kunye isebenziseke isemthethweni inkampani (idla njengoko solicitor) kwaye i-ukuqeshwa umphathiswa wobulungisa ukuba ndibongoze iimeko kwi-iinkundla. Iimeko ukuze babe a lawyer ingaba kuxeliwe kwi-code of zasekuhlaleni nkqubo. Yimeko-prerequisite kuba ukufumana i-mvume ukuba senzo umthetho, umgqatswa sele wahlaziya theoretical advokatuddannelse (wanikela yi-bar Association) kwaye nobabini ophunyezwe - theoretical bar exam kwaye isikhalazo kwi-retssagsførelse. Advokattitlen yi ezikhuselweyo isihloko, kwaye abantu abo bangenalo sele ebizwa i-bar njengoko a lawyer, angabi zichaza ngokwabo njengoko enjalo okanye nge efanayo designation ukuba zibe ubhideke kunye a lawyer. I-code ichaza izohlwayo kuba ukwaphulwa komthetho oku. Ngumthetho hayi. Juni kwi-kwezilungiso nolawulo lwezobulungisa (Uguqulelo lwe imigaqo kwi elinolwazi imisebenzi a lawyer), isidanish Ipalamente yamkelwa bl. ukuba wawuphungula møderetsmonopol. Kwabakho evuliweyo phezulu kwezinye isemthethweni ummeli kunokuba abaqondisi-mthetho ayikwazi kuhlangana kwilixa ukhuselwe i-esenziwe lula inkassoproces (isahluko amane-ezine kwi ukuze intlawulo), småsagsprocessen kwaye phantsi jikelele udlægsforretninger inkundla. I-relaxation ye-mødemonopolet bangena umkhosi kwi. Kwi-Norway bubizwa kanjalo abaqondisi-mthetho abo banelungelo ndibongoze iimeko kuba Supreme inkundla, abaqondisi-mthetho okanye supreme inkundla bar association. Kwi-bubonke Yurophu kusetyenziswa i-lawyer commonly ukuba jonga abaqondisi-mthetho, lowo wenza ngalo uluntu kwaye oral hovedforhandling kwiindawo zasekuhlaleni kwaye, ulwaphulo-mthetho amatyala. Kwi-America, apho, incidentally, ngokunjalo bonke barrister e abaqondisi-mthetho ngaphandle umahluko ukhokela igama losapho (kwi-ephikisana, hayi kontorsagførere, ngokuba 'solicitors'), okhethekileyo Inkosi Losapho, ngubani eliphetheyo wonke ye-scottish advokatur okanye sagførerstand. Wathi yena kuba kubulungiseleli kwaye tshintsha kunye oku kwaye eneneni a uhlobo nobhala urhulumente kuba America ke imicimbi. Engilane, Wales, mongolia kwaye Republic of Ireland ubizwa ngokuba procerende ingcebiso, hayi kuba abaqondisi-mthetho, kodwa 'barristers' ukuba maninzi amalungu - 'bar' (bar association). Edenmark usesinye umtshutshisi-jikelele, ukutsho oko. abaqondisi-mthetho unako (formally) ukwenza zonke iintlobo zemisebenzi ezingama-khondo lobungcali-mfundo lilonke. Specialization ubizwa ngokuba ukubonelelwa widespread kwi-isemthethweni khondo lobungcali-mfundo lilonke, ingakumbi kwi-inkulu umthetho firms. Abaninzi umthetho firms ingaba njalo umahlule kwi eziliqela iinkalo zezifundo, umzekelo inkampani umthetho, kwaye inkqubo (litigation), real estate, imisebenzi umthetho, irhafu umthetho, njalo-njalo. Yenkampani abaqondisi-mthetho ingaba ke eyabelwe omnye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi omkhosi ukuze sibe iqondo specialization.
Kangakanani kwaye ugqityo sesinye izizathu kutheni iinkampani ezininzi ingaba ikhangela specialization kunokuba ukusebenza kunye generalists.
Abaqondisi-mthetho unako ukufumana ilungelo ukuvela phambi ezahlukeneyo iinkundla Edenmark.
A nybeskikket lawyer kuphela ubani unelungelo ababukeli bomdlalo bangene phambi iinkundla ka-lokuqala isehlo, nto leyo lokuqala isehlo kwi-isidanish inkqubo esemthethweni.
Ngoko ke, banako ukufumana ilungelo ababukeli bomdlalo bangene phambi iinkundla. Ibe ka-ukubaluleka kwilixa awathi ngabo appealed ukususela wesithili kwinkundla ephakamileyo. I-lawyer kufuneka, ukuze ufumane imvume, isampuli entendelezweni isibheno (landsretsprøven) babonise ukuba yena yena ngu elungileyo litigator. I-lawyer kufuneka, njengokuba umthetho, consist ezimbini uvavanyo iimeko ukuze ufumane ilungelo ababukeli bomdlalo bangene phambi ephakamileyo. Abaqondisi-mthetho, abo ufumane ilungelo kuvela phambi iinkundla eziphezulu, uyakwazi ukubhala (L) emva zabo igama. Ekugqibeleni, a lawyer unako ukufumana ilungelo ababukeli bomdlalo bangene phambi Supreme enkundleni, emva kokuba yena yena uyakwazi ukubhala (H) emva kokuba igama lakhe. Ungeniswe kwenkundla lesiqu inkundla ingaba enxulumene ne-ethile prestige. Kuba (H) uya yena kwisithuba seminyaka emihlanu, bahlangana ubuncinane ishumi umphinda-phinde ngo entendelezweni isibheno. Abaqondisi-mthetho owathi wazuza ilungelo ababukeli bomdlalo bangene phambi ephakamileyo, kwakunjalo kwixesha elidlulileyo ngokuba kuba landsretssagførere, ngexesha a lawyer owaye ungeniswe kwenkundla lesiqu inkundla, ngokuba imisebenzi. Ezi amaphawu ingaba ekhohlo emini, apho zonke abaqondisi-mthetho kuba efanayo isihloko.
